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stdpp
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6fb7d791
Commit
6fb7d791
authored
Apr 08, 2022
by
Robbert Krebbers
Browse files
Very preliminary version of a quick start guide for sets.
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guides/sets.v
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6fb7d791
From
stdpp
Require
Import
gmap
sorting
.
(* [gset K] is the type of sets you probably want to use. It enjoys good
properties w.r.t. computation (most operations are logarithmic or linear) and
equality. It works for any type [K] that is countable (see type class
[Countable]). There are [Countable] instances for all the usual types, [nat],
[list nat], [nat * nat], [gset nat], etc. *)
Check
gset
.
(* All the set operations are overloaded via type classes, but there are
instances for [gset]. The most important operations are:
- [elem_of], notation [∈]
- [subseteq], notation [⊆]
- [subset], notation [⊂]
- [empty], notation [∅]
- [singleton], notation [ {[ x ]} ]
- [union], notation [∪]
- [intersection], notation [∩]
- [difference], notation [∖]
*)
(* Let us try to type check some stuff. *)
Check
{[
10
]}
:
gset
nat
.
Check
{[
[
10
]
]}
:
gset
(
list
nat
).
Check
{[
{[
10
]}
]}
:
gset
(
gset
nat
).
Check
(
λ
X
:
gset
nat
,
X
∪
{[
10
]}).
(** And let write some lemmas. The most useful tactic is [set_solver]. *)
Lemma
some_stuff
(
X
Y
Z
:
gset
nat
)
:
X
∪
Y
∩
X
∪
Z
∩
X
=
(
Y
∪
X
∪
Z
∖
∅
∪
X
)
∩
X
.
Proof
.
set_solver
.
Qed
.
Lemma
some_stuff_poly
`
{
Countable
A
}
(
X
Y
Z
:
gset
nat
)
:
X
∪
Y
∩
X
∪
Z
∩
X
=
(
Y
∪
X
∪
Z
∖
∅
∪
X
)
∩
X
.
Proof
.
set_solver
.
Qed
.
(** If you want to search for lemmas, search for the operations, not [gset]
since all lemmas are overloaded. *)
Search
difference
intersection
.
(** Some important notes:
- The lemmas look a bit dounting because of the additional arguments due to
type classes, but these arguments can mostly be ignored
- There are both lemmas about Leibniz equality [=] and setoid equality [≡].
The first ones are suffixed [_L]. For [gset] you always want to use [=] (and
thus the [_L] lemmas) because we have [X ≡ Y ↔ X = Y]. This is not the case
for other implementations of sets, like [propset A := A → Prop] or
[listset A := list A], hence [≡] is useful in the general case. *)
(** Some other examples *)
Definition
evens
(
X
:
gset
nat
)
:
gset
nat
:
=
filter
(
λ
x
,
(
2
|
x
))
X
.
Definition
intersection_alt
(
X
Y
:
gset
nat
)
:
gset
nat
:
=
filter
(.
∈
Y
)
X
.
Definition
add_one
(
X
:
gset
nat
)
:
gset
nat
:
=
set_map
S
X
.
Definition
until_n
(
n
:
nat
)
:
gset
nat
:
=
set_seq
0
n
.
(** Keep in mind that [filter], [set_map], [set_seq], etc are overloaded via
type classes. So, you need sufficient type information in your definitions and
you won't find much about them when searching for [gset]. *)
(** When computing with sets, always make sure to cast the result that you want
to display is a simple type like [nat], [list nat], [bool], etc. The result
of a [gset] computation is a big sigma type with lots of noise, so it won't be
pretty (or useful) to look at. *)
Eval
vm_compute
in
(
elements
(
add_one
(
evens
{[
10
;
11
;
14
]}))).
Eval
vm_compute
in
(
elements
(
evens
(
until_n
40
))).
(** [elements] converts a set to a list. They are not sorted, but you can do
that yourself. *)
Eval
vm_compute
in
(
merge_sort
(
≤
)
(
elements
(
evens
(
until_n
40
)))).
Eval
vm_compute
in
(
fresh
({[
10
;
12
]}
:
gset
nat
)).
Eval
vm_compute
in
(
size
({[
10
;
12
]}
:
gset
nat
)).
(** You can use [bool_decide] to turn decidable [Prop]s into [bool]s. *)
Eval
vm_compute
in
bool_decide
(
10
∈
evens
{[
10
;
11
]}).
Eval
vm_compute
in
(
bool_decide
({[
10
;
14
;
17
]}
⊂
until_n
40
)).
Eval
vm_compute
in
(
bool_decide
(
set_Forall
(
λ
x
,
(
2
|
x
))
(
evens
(
until_n
40
)))).
(** Want to know more:
- Look up the definitions of the type classes for [union], [intersection], etc.,
interfaces [SimpleSet], [Set_], etc. in [theories/base.v].
- Look up the generic theory of sets in [theories/sets.v].
- Look up the generic theory of finite sets in [theories/fin_sets.v].
- Probably don't look into the implementation of [gset] in [theories/gmap.v],
unless you are very interested in encodings as bit strings and radix-2 search
trees. You should treat [gset] as a black box. *)
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