This generalization is surprisingly easy in Iris 3.0, so I could not
resist not doing it :).

This makes stuff more uniform and also removes the need for the [inGFs]
type class. Instead, there is now a type class [subG Σ1 Σ2] which expresses
that a list of functors [Σ1] is contained in [Σ2].

This better reflects the name of the bind rule.

I renamed an internal tactic that was previously called wp_bind into
wp_bind_core.

Use it to prove that tests/barrier_client and tests/heap_lang are adequate.

Also make those for introduction and elimination more symmetric:

  !%   pure introduction         %        pure elimination
  !#   always introduction       #        always elimination
  !>   later introduction        > pat    timeless later elimination
  !==> view shift introduction   ==> pat  view shift elimination

This commit features:

- A simpler model. The recursive domain equation no longer involves a triple
  containing invariants, physical state and ghost state, but just ghost state.
  Invariants and physical state are encoded using (higher-order) ghost state.

- (Primitive) view shifts are formalized in the logic and all properties about
  it are proven in the logic instead of the model. Instead, the core logic
  features only a notion of raw view shifts which internalizing performing frame
  preserving updates.

- A better behaved notion of mask changing view shifts. In particular, we no
  longer have side-conditions on transitivity of view shifts, and we have a
  rule for introduction of mask changing view shifts |={E1,E2}=> P with
  E2 ⊆ E1 which allows to postpone performing a view shift.

- The weakest precondition connective is formalized in the logic using Banach's
  fixpoint. All properties about the connective are proven in the logic instead
  of directly in the model.

- Adequacy is proven in the logic and uses a primitive form of adequacy for
  uPred that only involves raw views shifts and laters.

Some remarks:

- I have removed binary view shifts. I did not see a way to describe all rules
  of the new mask changing view shifts using those.
- There is no longer the need for the notion of "frame shifting assertions" and
  these are thus removed. The rules for Hoare triples are thus also stated in
  terms of primitive view shifts.

TODO:

- Maybe rename primitive view shift into something more sensible
- Figure out a way to deal with closed proofs (see the commented out stuff in
  tests/heap_lang and tests/barrier_client).

It not behaves more consistently with iExact and thus also works in the
case H : P -★ □^n Q |- Q.

This way type class inference is not invokved when used in tactics
like iPvs while not having to write an @.

(Idea suggested by Ralf.)

This reverts commit 20b4ae55, which does
not seem to work with Coq 8.5pl2 (I accidentally tested with 8.5pl1).

This makes type checking more directed, and somewhat more predictable.

On the downside, it makes it impossible to declare the singleton on
lists as an instance of SingletonM and the insert and alter operations
on functions as instances of Alter and Insert. However, these were not
used often anyway.

This way, it won't pick arbitrary (and possibly wrong!) inG instances
when multiple ones are available. We achieve this by declaring:

  Hint Mode inG - - +

So that type class inference only succeeds when the type of the ghost
variable does not include any evars.

This required me to make some minor changes throughout the whole
development making some types explicit.

In particular, remove ectx_language.atomic, because it seems unused
expect for a smart constructor for language.atomic.

* Values are considered as atomic expressions (this does not hurt, and
  this makes the proofs of atomicity simpler).

In order to improve flexibility, I have reverted the changes in commit
5cabd278 to counter, lock and spawn because an explicit namespace may be in
the way of modularity, for example, if the interfaces of these libraries will
expose namespaces through view shifts in the future.

Exposure of namespaces in the case of par is very unlikely, so to that end,
par remains to use an explicit namespace.

I also reverted 7952bca4 since there is no need for atomic to be a
boolean predicate anymore. Moreover, I introduced a hint database
fsaV for solving side-conditions related to FSAs, in particular,
side-conditions related to expressions being atomic.

We reify to a representation of expressions that includes an explicit
constructor for closed terms. Substitution can then be implemented as
the identify, which enables us to perform it using computation.