The old choice for ★ was a arbitrary: the precedence of the ASCII asterisk *
was fixed at a wrong level in Coq, so we had to pick another symbol. The ★ was
a random choice from a unicode chart.

The new symbol ∗ (as proposed by David Swasey) corresponds better to
conventional practise and matches the symbol we use on paper.

This should make theme asier to parse, "{{{ v, v; l |-> v }}}" looks rather funny.

Now we try to avoid adding them unnecessarily, so we don't have to remove them automatically any more.

There are now two proof mode tactics for dealing with modalities:

- `iModIntro` : introduction of a modality
- `iMod pm_trm as (x1 ... xn) "ipat"` : eliminate a modality

The behavior of these tactics can be controlled by instances of the `IntroModal`
and `ElimModal` type class. We have declared instances for later, except 0,
basic updates and fancy updates. The tactic `iMod` is flexible enough that it
can also eliminate an updates around a weakest pre, and so forth.

The corresponding introduction patterns of these tactics are `!>` and `>`.

These tactics replace the tactics `iUpdIntro`, `iUpd` and `iTimeless`.

Source of backwards incompatability: the introduction pattern `!>` is used for
introduction of arbitrary modalities. It used to introduce laters by stripping
of a later of each hypotheses.

And also rename the corresponding proof mode tactics.

This better reflects the name of the bind rule.

I renamed an internal tactic that was previously called wp_bind into
wp_bind_core.

This commit features:

- A simpler model. The recursive domain equation no longer involves a triple
  containing invariants, physical state and ghost state, but just ghost state.
  Invariants and physical state are encoded using (higher-order) ghost state.

- (Primitive) view shifts are formalized in the logic and all properties about
  it are proven in the logic instead of the model. Instead, the core logic
  features only a notion of raw view shifts which internalizing performing frame
  preserving updates.

- A better behaved notion of mask changing view shifts. In particular, we no
  longer have side-conditions on transitivity of view shifts, and we have a
  rule for introduction of mask changing view shifts |={E1,E2}=> P with
  E2 ⊆ E1 which allows to postpone performing a view shift.

- The weakest precondition connective is formalized in the logic using Banach's
  fixpoint. All properties about the connective are proven in the logic instead
  of directly in the model.

- Adequacy is proven in the logic and uses a primitive form of adequacy for
  uPred that only involves raw views shifts and laters.

Some remarks:

- I have removed binary view shifts. I did not see a way to describe all rules
  of the new mask changing view shifts using those.
- There is no longer the need for the notion of "frame shifting assertions" and
  these are thus removed. The rules for Hoare triples are thus also stated in
  terms of primitive view shifts.

TODO:

- Maybe rename primitive view shift into something more sensible
- Figure out a way to deal with closed proofs (see the commented out stuff in
  tests/heap_lang and tests/barrier_client).

In order to improve flexibility, I have reverted the changes in commit
5cabd278 to counter, lock and spawn because an explicit namespace may be in
the way of modularity, for example, if the interfaces of these libraries will
expose namespaces through view shifts in the future.

Exposure of namespaces in the case of par is very unlikely, so to that end,
par remains to use an explicit namespace.

The intropattern {H} also meant clear (both in ssreflect, and the logic
part of the introduction pattern).

Concretely, when execution of any of the wp_ tactics does not yield
another wp, it will make sure that a view shift is kept. This
behavior was already partially there, but now it is hopefully more
consistent.

Changes:
- We no longer have a different syntax for specializing a term H : P -★ Q whose
  range P or domain Q is persistent. There is just one syntax, and the system
  automatically determines whether either P or Q is persistent.
- While specializing a term, always modalities are automatically stripped. This
  gets rid of the specialization pattern !.
- Make the syntax of specialization patterns more consistent. The syntax for
  generating a goal is [goal_spec] where goal_spec is one of the following:

    H1 .. Hn : generate a goal using hypotheses H1 .. Hn
   -H1 .. Hn : generate a goal using all hypotheses but H1 .. Hn
           # : generate a goal for the premise in which all hypotheses can be
               used. This is only allowed when specializing H : P -★ Q where
               either P or Q is persistent.
           % : generate a goal for a pure premise.

And make constants P for which we do not want of_val P to reduce Opaque.

iSpecialize and iDestruct.

These tactics now all take an iTrm, which is a tuple consisting of
a.) a lemma or name of a hypotheses b.) arguments to instantiate
c.) a specialization pattern.

- It can now also frame under later.
- Better treatment of evars, it now won't end up in loops whenever the goal
  involves sub-formulas ?P and it trying to apply all framing rules eagerly.
- It no longer delta expands while framing.
- Better clean up of True sub-formulas after a successful frame. For example,
  framing "P" in "▷ ▷ P ★ Q" yields just "Q" instead of "▷ True ★ Q" or so.

Par is now defined as an expression of type [∀ X, expr X] (instead of a
value) and we prove that it is stable under weakening and substitution.

It is not a library; it does not contain code, but instead is a core
part of heap_lang.

Thanks to Amin Timany for the suggestion.

Add both non-expansive and contractive functors, and bundle them for the general Iris instance as well as the global functor construction

This allows us to move the \later in the user-defined functor to any place we want.
In particular, we can now have "\later (iProp -> iProp)" in the ghost CMRA.

Tactics like wp_proj should always solve all to_val side-conditions. The
tactic wp_done is used to handle these in a uniform way.